Cause Connectors

Connectors or linkers are words or groups of words that help us connect words, phrases or sentences. Thanks to them, we can express relationships between ideas and improve our expression by making longer, more complex sentences.

For example, take these two sentences:
Our teacher was ill. We had to put off the exam.

The first sentence is the cause of the second, and the second is the result of the first. The idea would be understood more easily if we could express the relation between both sentences.

Thus, we could say:
Our teacher was ill, therefore we had to put off the exam.
We had to put off the exam because our teacher was ill.

As you can see, these two examples sound better than the first two sentences, thanks to the use of the connectors therefore and because.

Connectors can be used to show contrast, purpose, sequence, etc. but today we will be concentrating on the linking words that show cause or result.

CAUSE

• Conjunctions followed by a complete sentence:
• Because: it usally follows the main clause: Everybody likes her because she's very kind and friendly.
• As and since are very similar. As is less formal than since. They are used when the reason is well known. The clauses that start with these words often begin the sentence:

As I was very tired, I went to bed early.
 Since you are not interested, I won't tell you about it.
(As and since can also be used as time connectors).

• For suggests that the reason is given as an afterthought. For-clauses never come at the beginning of the sentence. For is mainly used in literary texts, therefore, it is very formal. We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.
• Connectors followed by a noun, a noun phrase, a pronoun or a gerund:
• Because of: They have had problems raising cash because of the credit crunch.
• Due to and owing to are considered by many speakers as exact equivalents, but this is not so, because due to is adjectival (it follows a noun or pronoun), whereas owing to is adverbial (it complements a verb). Compare these examples:
  The game was cancelled owing to torrential rain. 
  The cancellation of the game was due to torrential rain.
  If you are doubtful as to which of these you can use, here's a trick: try to substitute due to with “caused by” and see if it works. *The game was cancelled caused by torrential rain.* doesn't sound correct, so it's not possible to use due to in this case. On the other hand, The cancellation of the game was caused by torrential rain, sounds fine.
  Owing to is interchangeable with because of: The game was cancelled because of torrential rain.
• On account of: The nurse had to keep the baby in another room on account of my illness.
• Thanks to suggests that there is some cause for gratitude, though it can be used sarcastically. She was given a scholarship thanks to her excellent grades.

RESULT or CONSEQUENCE

• Thus (very formal): He was the eldest son, and thus, heir to the title.

• Therefore (formal, used mainly in written English): She is only seventeen and therefore not eligible to vote.
• As a result: There has been a rise in the number of accidents. As a result, the government has decided to lower the speed limit. As a result of is followed by a noun, pronoun or gerund. Can you rewrite the previous example using as a result of?
   As a result of the rise in the number of accidents, the government...
• So (less formal): There was nothing on TV, so I decided to go to bed.
• That's why: Cold temperatures kill mosquitos. That's why you won't see them in winter.
• For this reason: The Colonel was confident that war was impending, and for this reason he hurried his preparations to leave the country.
• Consequently (used especially in written English): This poses a threat to the food chain, and consequently to human health.

Sumber : http://inmadom-myenglishclass.blogspot.com/2011/05/connectors-showing-cause-and-result.html

Tugas Softskill Bulan Ke-3 (Cause Connectors, Passive Voice, and Causative Verb)

Exercise 32:
1.   Enough People
2.   French Enough
3.   Enough Time
4.   Fast Enough
5.   Soon Enough
6.   Early Enough
7.   Hard Enough
8.   Enough Slowly
9.   Enough Flour
10. Enough Books

Exercise 33:
1.   Because
2.   Because
3.   Because Of
4.   Because
5.   Because Of
6.   Because Of
7.   Because Of
8.   Because
9.   Because
10. Because Of

Exercise 34:
1.    So
2.    Such
3.    So
4.    So
5.    Such
6.    So
7.    Such
8.    So
9.    So
10.  Such
11.  So
12.  So
13.  Such
14.  So
15.  So

Exercise 35:
1. The president is being called (by somebody) everyday.
2. The other members are being called by John.
3. Mr. Watson will be called (by somebody) tonight.
4. Considerable damage was caused by the fire.
5. The supplies for this class should be bought by the teacher.

Exercise 36:
1.    Leave
2.    Repaired
3.    Type
4.    Call
5.    Painted
6.    Write
7.    Lie
8.    Send
9.    Cut
10.  Sign
11.  Leave
12.  Wash
13.  Fixed
14.  Published
15.  Find

Landak Mini : Hewan Mamalia Eksotik

apa sih landak mini itu?

Dalam kehidupan nyata, landak mini dapat dikatakan sangat mudah dikenali, merupakan mamalia kecil dengan bentuk fisiknya yang cenderung oval/bulat dengan duri dibagian kepala dan punggungnya, dimana duri tersebut adalah rambut tebal yang berongga keras. Landak mini memiliki hidung runcing, dan mata yang agak menonjol terletak di sisi samping-samping wajah. Telinga mereka biasanya bulat, meskipun dalam beberapa spesies, bisa jadi memanjang, dan terletak tinggi di sisi samping-samping kepala. Memiliki ekor yang kecil dan pendek, dan secara fungsional sangat minim digunakan.

Pada dasarnya Landak mini memiliki kecepatan berlari yang cukup pelan, walaupun berjalan dengan keempat kakinya dengan area perut terangkat, namun hampir bisa dikatakan kecepatannya hanya seperti layaknya binatang merayap, alias tidak mampu berlari kencang.

Apakah landak mini bersifat liar?

Memang landak mini adalah spesies yang baru-baru ini dipelihara, tapi landak mini sebagai pet, yang kita miliki bukan binatang liar. Landak mini adalah campuran dari dua jenis landak, dan bukan merupakan varietas alami.  Landak mini juga memiliki sifat dasar bukan sebagai penyerang, lebih cenderung penakut dan selalu waspada, oleh karena itu akan melindungi dirinya secara cepat jika merasa terancam. Untuk melindungi dirinya, mereka akan menggulungkan tubuhnya menjadi sebuah bulatan layaknya bola kemudian semua durinya akan ditegakkan dan berada disisi luar.

Namun anda tidak perlu takut dulu, duri landak mini sendiri bersifat relatif aman/ tidak beracun dan tidak melukai, lain halnya dengan landak hutan (porcupine) yang dapat melesatkan/melepaskan duri dari tubuhnya ketika terancam. Bagi kita (sebagai pemelihara) yang sudah terbiasa memegangnya, tidak perlu merasa takut karena hanya akan terasa seperti memegang “sikat cuci baju”. Sama seperti mamalia lain, binatang ini adalah binatang menyusui dan susu merupakan makanan pertamanya sampai dia cukup umur. Mereka juga suka sekali mencium bau lingkungannya, dan bau yang sudah tidak asing bagi mereka akan di rekam sehingga mereka tidak lagi takut.

Termasuk ke dalam jenis apakah landak mini? dan apa yang dia makan di habitat aslinya?

Sering halnya masyarakat menyebut landak mini sebagai hewan pengerat (ordo: rodentia), namun sebenarnya berlawanan dengan keyakinan tersebut, landak mini bukanlah hewan pengerat. Mereka adalah kelompok hewan insectivora (organisme yang makanannya adalah serangga dan hewan kecil lainnya). Mereka sama sekali tidak berkaitan dengan landak jawa/hutan, meskipun penampilan yang agak serupa menyebabkan banyak orang salah mengartikan landak mini (hedgehog) sebagai bayi porcupine. Di habitat aslinya, landak mini cenderung memakaberbagai jenis serangga, tak hanya itu, tampaknya landak agak oportunis, dan bersedia untuk makan tikus kecil, reptil, burung bersarang tanah, telur dan fledglings, dan kadang-kadang potongan-potongan bahan-bahan tanaman seperti sayuran dan buah-buahan.

Beda landak hutan [ PORCUPINE ] dengan landak mini [ HEDGEHOG ]

Landak ini berbeda jauh sekali dibandingkan dengan landak yang kita kenal di Indonesia, yang disebut Porcupine

 Di mana landak tinggal di alam liar?

Pada dasarnya penyebaran landak mini banyak di temukan di benua Eropa, Asia, Afrika, dan Australia. Di tanah air kita, tidak ada endemic asli landak mini, yang ada justru landak jawa/hutan yang sudah saya jelaskan diatas. Sehingga jenis landak mini yang paling dominan dan sering disimpan sebagai hewan peliharaan di Indonesia, merupakan landak mini endemic Afrika yang telah diimport dan dikembangbiakkan dalam beberapa tahun ini.

Landak mini pada habitat aslinya biasanya tinggal di daerah dataran, di daerah-daerah yang sering panas dan kering. Hidup soliter atau menyendiri pada kondisi normal, selain ibu-ibu dengan anak, dan pasangan selama perkawinan. Tiap individu dari mereka sering memiliki teritori wilayah tinggal/huni masing-masing dimana wilayah tersebut merupakan area basis pengembaraan hidup mereka. Betina landak mini lebih bersifat lembut, sering berbagi wilayah, meskipun tetap dalam kebiasaan terpisah. sedangkan untuk jantan, cenderung jauh lebih kuat/ketat dalam menjaga teritorinya, dan kurang toleran terhadap jantan-jantan lain yang menempati wilayah yang sama.

Tampaknya landak mini, mendapatkan keuntungan dari para hewan lagi penggali lubang seperti kelinci, kelinci, musang, dan hewan penggali lainnya. Mereka sering menutup liang ini dengan rumput dan dedaunan, menciptakan sebuah ruang nyaman di mana mereka dapat  tidur di siang hari. Landak merupakan hewan nokturnal, mereka berburu dan mengembara antara senja dan fajar. Gerakan lambat khas mereka, dan kecenderungan untuk menggulung menjadi bola adalah penyebab utama mereka ditakuti “predator”

Sumber :
http://landakelite.blogspot.com/p/pengenalan.html

Comparison Degree

Definition Degree of Comparison 
Degree of comparison is the form of an adjective or adverb which states comparisons. There are three degree of comparison, namely: positive, comparative, and superlative degree.Wide, Rules, and Example Sentence Degrees of Comparison 

Positive Degree 
When used to express the comparison, positive degree should be used together with said axle. Positive degree has a standard form without change: big, carefully, difficult,, easy, rich, etc.Example Sentences Positive Degree: 
1.The task is not as difficult, as you imagine. (Adjective)
2.He drives as carefully as my father in the residential area. (Adverb) 

Comparative Degree 
Comparative comparative adjective and adverb used to compare two things. Adjective or adverb mostly one syllable added the suffix -er, whereas two or more syllables beginning with the word more. Especially for two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, the suffix is ​​removed and then added -ier. When in the sentence, the degree of comparison is usually accompanied by words than.
Both superlative adjective or adverb superlative function to compare three or more things. The majority of the syllables added suffix -est, while more than one syllable begins with the word most. As for the two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, the suffix is ​​removed and then added -iest. When in the sentence, the superlative degree preceded by the word.

Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-degrees-comparison 

Tugas Softskill Bulan Ke 2 (Adjectives And Adverbs)

Exercise 26 (Page 107):
1.Well
2.Intense
3.Brightly
4.Fluent
5.Fluently
6.Smooth
7.Accurately
8.Bitter
9.Soon
10. Fast

Exercise 27 (Page 109):
1.Terrible
2.Well
3.Good
4.Calm
5.Sick
6.Quickly
7.Diligently
8.Vehemently
9.Relaxed
10.Noisy

Exercise 28 (Page114):
1.As soon
2.More important
3.As well
4.More expensive
5.As hot
6.More talented
7.More colorful
8.Happier
9.Worse
10.Faster

Exercise 29 (Page 114):
1.Than
2.Than
3.From
4.Than
5.As
6.Than
7.As
8.Than
9.Than
10.From

Exercise 30 (Page 117-118):
1.Best
2.Happiest
3.Faster
4.Creamiest
5.More colorful
6.Better
7.Good
8.More awkwardly
9.Least
10.Prettiest
11.The best
12.From
13.Less impressive
14.The sicker
15.When
16.Twice as much as
17.Little
18.Much
19.Farther
20.More famous

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE TYPE 1,2,3 (UNDERSTANDING, FORMULAS, EXAMPLES)

Understanding, Formulas and Examples Conditional Sentence Type 1,2,3

Conditional Sentence is generally known as the sentence modality, which is used to express something that may occur as expected if the requirements are met. Conditional sentences consisting of dependent clause that begins with the word "if" in the form of condition (condition) and independent clauses be the result / consequence (result) of the requirements.

Conditional Sentence Type conditional sentence there are 3 types 1, 2.3. Well below there will be a sense, formulas and examples of conditional sentence type 1,2,3

Definition of Conditional Sentence Type 1

Conditional sentence type 1 is used to express the possibility of happening in the future if its realistic condition to be fulfilled.

Formula Conditional Sentence Type 1

If + Subject + V.1, S + Will + V.1

Example Sentences Conditional Sentence Type 1

If I have much money I will continue my school in abroad

Fact: is the possibility, probably, may be.

Definition of Conditional Sentence Type 2

Conditional type 2 is used as an application of the present or present events that would occur if there were different conditions.

Formula Conditional Sentence Type 2

If + Subject + V.2 / Were + S + M2 + V.1

M2 (Capital shape 2): Would, could

Example Sentences Conditional Sentence Type 2

If I had much money I would continue my school in abroad

Fact: I do not have money

Fact: in contrast with statements present prediket wear

Definition of Conditional Sentence Type 3

Application merukan past events or simple past tense, events that should have been fulfilled in the past. Sometimes, in the past we have desires that we can not achieve. Then we want to tell a friend or someone else.

Formula Conditional Sentence Type 3

If + Subject + Had + V3 + S + M.2 + Have + V.3

Example Sentences Conditional Sentence Type 3

If I had had much money I would have continued my school in abroad

Fact: I did not have much money

Fact: in contrast to the statement prediket replaced with the past tense

By learning Conditional Sentence we know how to make a sentence modality in English, the assumption in the past, present or to come live in just adjust to conditional sentence type 1,2,3.

source : http://belajarbahasainggrisonline.net/pengertian-rumus-dan-contoh-conditional-sentence-type-123

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Exercise 21
1.were understand
2.wouldn't have been
3.will give
4.would have told
5.would have been
6.had
7.could stop
8.were need
9.would have found
10.enjoyed
11.paint
12.were
13.has write
14.could have permitted
15.were spending
16.will accept
17.has buy
18.has decided
19.would have written
20.will leak
21.has studied
22.has near
23.see
24.has get
25.turn
26.were
27.would have called
28.would have talked
29.explained
30.spoke

Exercise 22
1.eating
2.eat
3.swim
4.like
5.speaking
6.studying
7.dance
8.sleeping
9.eating
10.eating

Exercise 23
1.stay
2.have stayed
3.work
4.study
5.not study
6.have
7.had stood
8.not cook
9.hadn't arrived
10.have slept

Exercise 24
1.should have had
2.must have been
3.must have damaged
4.must not have parked
5.must have studied
6.should have studied
7.must have been
8.should have deposited
9.must have forgotten
10.must not have studied

Exercise 25
1.i would
2.would have gone
3.may have had
4.should have done
5.must have forgotten
6.may have slept
7.might have had
8.could have lost
9.shouldn't have driven
10.may have run